Use BOTH these guides to help you properly cite your sources. Remember- you have:
1.) a works cited page at the end of your paper with a long list of full citations
2.) a brief in-text citation in your paper after a quoted or paraphrased sentence from a specific source.
- 1.) APA: Works Cited Guide
for the works cited page at the end of your paper
- 2.) APA: In-Text citation guide
for your in-text citation in your paper
MORE APA HELP:
- SAMPLE APA PAPER
- SAMPLE Corrected APA Paper
Look at the References on page 15.
- OWL @ Purdue APA Guide
Huge collection of help on APA. Navigate through this resource using the toolbar provided on the left side of the website.
- How do I write an APA parenthetical (in-text) reference?
- APA Works Cited- Online Sources
Lansing Community College Library
- In-text citation guide
Lansing Community College Library
- APA in-text citations- Quick guide
APA Tutorial
- APA STYLE TUTORIAL- 6th Edition American Psychological Association
Tutorial on how to use APA style from the publisher, American Psychological Association (APA). Includes links to supporting documents! Audio is included.
APA Examples: from Lansing Community College Library
Author’s name in reference
If you do not cite the author’s name in your paper, then include both the author’s last name and the publication year in parentheses at the end of the sentence separated by a comma.
Example
Silent Spring was one of the first books to discuss dangers of pesticide use (Carsen, 1962).
References
Carsen, R. (1962). Silent spring. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett.
Parts of citation
Name of author. (Year of publication). Title (Edition). City of publication, State: Name of publisher.
APA Manual 6.11 (p. 174)
No author listed (cite by title)
Include the first few words of the title followed by the publication year in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Titles that are italicized in the reference list are italicized in text; titles that are not italicized in the reference list appear in quotation marks.
Example
Many in the liquor industry argue that the ban on television liquor advertising gives those in the beer and wine industry an unfair advantage (“Liquor Advertising,” 2002).
References
Liquor advertising on TV. (2002, January 18). In Issues & Controversies. Retrieved from http://www.fofweb.com/
Parts of citation
If the entry has no author listed, place the title in author position.
Example shown is for Articles only available in databases
Name of author. (Date of publication). Title of article. In Title of book/database. Retrieved from database URL
becomes:
Title of article. (Date of publication). In Title of book/database. Retrieved from database URL
APA Manual 6.15 (p. 176)
Secondary sources
Whenever possible, use original source material, not secondary. If you must use an indirect source, include the primary source in the paper and the secondary source in the reference list. For example, if you read about Fruzetti’s work in an article by Martens, include Fruzetti in the in-text citation and Martens in your reference list.
Example
Fruzetti explained that no effective treatments for borderline patients had been established until the past decade (as cited in Martens, 2005)
References
Martens, W.H. (2005). Therapy on the borderline: Effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 8(4) 5-13.
Parts of citation (Journal Article Example)
Name of author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range.
APA Manual 6.17 (p. 178)
Blog
Example
Some argue that the ability to open multiple tabs using Firefox make it a superior browser to Internet Explorer (Farkas, 2006).
References
Farkas, M. (2006, November 1). Firefox 2 is my new best friend. Information wants to be free. Retrieved from http://meredith.wolfwater.com/wordpress/index.php
Parts of citation
Author of blog entry. (Date of blog entry). Title of blog entry. Title of blog. Retrieved from Blog URL
APA Manual 7.11 #76 (p. 215)
Page or document from a website
TIP: When no date is available, use (n. d.)
Example
While many hospitals are excellent with children, Mott is ranked #2 in the state of Michigan according to Child Magazine (Hopson, 2007).
References
Hopson, K. (2007, January 4). Mott Children’s Hospital ranked top children’s hospital in state by Child Magazine. University of Michigan Health System. Retrieved from http://www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/ 2007/childmag.aspx
Kane, E. (1999). Dendroica kirtlandii. Retrieved from http:// animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/
Parts of citation
Name of author. (Publication date) Title of the page. Website title. Retrieved from Article URL
APA Manual 7.01 #8,11 (p. 200) 7.11 (p. 215)
Excerpted From Lansing Community College Library – APA Online Sources
Citing same source again in same paragraph?
If you cite the source at the beginning of the paragraph, you do not have to keep repeating the citation after every paraphrased (your words, their ideas) sentence in the paragraph if it is clear that the source is the same.
The “shout out” rule: Put the author’s name in the text of your sentences.
Put the author’s name into your first sentence (see example below). Within the same paragraph: If you use the author’s name in another sentence to let your reader know you are still using the same source, then you do not need to include the year.
Example From APA Style blog (see link below):
Morin (1988) described two separate but linked epidemics. . . . Morin distinguished the HIV epidemic from the subsequent AIDS epidemic. . . . Morin also discussed a third epidemic . . . . This third epidemic is as much a part of the pathology of AIDS as the virus itself (Morin, 1988).
REMEMBER: Always have a citation for every direct quotation (their exact words put in quotation marks) even if your entire paragraph is based on one source. A quote needs the author, year, and the page number so your reader can go back to the source to find the material that you have quoted.
APA presentations
APA additional sources
APA Common Questions
- Online: citing websites, facebook, twitter & Youtube
- How to cite a “website” guide
- Missing elements?
- Website: how to cite with missing elements
- Citing an e-book (Kindle)
- APA FAQs
- Citing direct quotes
- Writing in text citations
- Citing a source within a source
- Ellipses—When and How?
when to use dot dot dot (…) in apa. Typically, ellipses are used only within a quotation, not at the beginning or at the end of a quotation.
- The same citation at the end of each sentence?
Quoting same source again? If you used the author’s name in your sentence, the publication year can be omitted for repeated citations. ONLY when the authors’ names are given in your sentence text (not parenthetically). If you refer to the author names multiple times in text within a paragraph, give the date the first time, and subsequently you can omit the date. Parenthetical citations (where both elements are within parentheses) ALWAYS have both author and date included.
- How to Find the Example You Need in the Manual
for citations, it matters What’s ON the website, not that the document is on a website in and of itself. APA is organized by document type (articles, books, reports, etc.), NOT by method of delivery (computers, interlibrary loan, e-readers, smartphones) or format (paper, HTML, DVD, etc.).
- References with the same name and year
Acid Rain. (2005). In G. D. Considine (Ed.), Van Nostrand’s ….
Acid Rain. (2008a). In B. W. Lerner & K. L. Lerner (Eds.), In Context Series.
Acid rain. (2008b). In K. L. Lerner & B. W. Lerner (Eds.), The Gale Encyclopedia
Acid Rain. (2008c). In K. M. Evans, Information Plus Reference Series